处罚法定视野下失信惩戒的规范进路

在新《行政处罚法》增设行政处罚定义条款的背景下,大部分失信惩戒措施都可以纳入行政处罚范畴。处罚法定原则是规范行政处罚的关键技术,现行失信惩戒制度在要件、效果、程序等维度上皆不同程度偏离了处罚法定原则,亟需纠偏。在要件法定层面,应对失信概念进行类型化提炼、拼接失信构成要件的规范分离,并增设主观过错要素;在效果法定层面,失信惩戒的设定应恪守法律保留、建立失信行为与惩戒措施的匹配规则,并在"一事不再罚"框架内实施惩戒;在程序法定层面,信息归集程序应符合《民法典》《个人信息保护法》设定的信息处理规则,处罚决定程序须在自动化处理和人工介入之间求得平衡并合理限定追究时效,信用修复程序则应完善修复条件,以及引入"信息修复"制度。     

共同富裕示范区建设要把握好四重关系

浙江作为中国革命红船起航地,改革开放先行地,习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想重要萌发地,新时代全面展示中国特色社会主义制度优越性的重要窗口,如何不辱使命、不负中央,把共同富裕示范区建设好,应按照习近平总书记"扎实推动共同富裕"的要求,处理好四重关系:正确处理高质量发展做大"蛋糕"同公平分配"蛋糕"的关系;正确处理坚持公有制主体地位与发展非公有制经济的关系;正确处理坚持按劳分配同实行按生产要素分配的关系;正确处理满足生活需要与实现全面发展关系。     

基层公务员创新何以提升“放管服”改革成效?——基于组织学视角的逻辑解释

"放管服"改革是全面深化改革的重要内容,而基层公务员是打通"放管服"改革落地"最后一公里"的关键。探索如何将基层公务员创新行为转化为卓越的"放管服"改革成效具有重要现实意义。本研究基于行为公共管理视角,探索基层公务员创新行为对"放管服"改革成效的积极效果,通过对158家单位、793个有效配对样本的跨层次分析,结果表明,基层公务员创新行为对"放管服"改革任务绩效、政务服务满意度有显著的促进作用。其中,改革目标清晰度、服务群众导向会促进基层公务员创新行为对"放管服"改革任务绩效、政务服务满意度的积极影响。     

Where the Action Is: Macro and Micro Justice in Contract Law

In contemporary private law theory the relationship between ‘macro’ theories of distributive justice and the ‘micro’ site of interpersonal transactions remains under-explored. In this paper, I draw on the ‘macro’ theory of justice articulated by John Rawls and offer an account of ‘micro contractual justice’ that helps us understand how the micro domains of contracting introduce particular relational constraints on the infusion of distributive considerations into contract law, resulting in constrained conception of ‘relational Rawlsianism’ operating in contractual domains. My framework provides a bridge between the macro and micro, helping us understand how they are in various senses separate yet interlocking, and also provides a ‘third way’ between all or nothing positions on the place of distributive justice in contract.     

Rapid and nondestructive analysis of lipstick on different substrates using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics

Lipstick can be an important piece of evidence in crimes like murders, rapes, and suicides. Due to its prevalence, it can be an important corroborative evidence in crime reconstruction. The analysis of such evidence can provide an evidentiary link between the suspect, the victim, object, or the crime scene. We report the use of nondestructive ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics for the classification of 10 brands of lipsticks with nine samples each. Chemometric method of partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) has been employed to interpret the data and classify the samples into their respective classes. The PLS-DA model provides an AUC figure above 0.99 in all brands except one; for which it is slightly less at 0.94. We have also tested the traces of these lipstick samples on different substrates treating them as unknowns in the already trained PLS-DA model. 100% of the samples on nine substrates viz. a cotton, nylon, plastic, dry tissue, denim (blue jeans), wet tissue, nitrile gloves, white paper, and polyester were correctly attributed to their source brand. In conclusion, the results suggest that ATR-FTIR combined with the chemometrics is a rapid, nondestructive, and accurate method for the discrimination and source attribution of lipstick. This study has potential for use in actual forensic casework conditions.     

中国共产党的百年青年观:发展阶段、逻辑演进与基本经验

中国共产党成立100周年来,围绕不同历史时期的中心工作,针对"如何认识青年,培养什么青年,如何培养青年"作了大量论述,逐渐形成了"革命型青年观"、"建设型青年观"、"改革型青年观"以及"复兴型青年观",这四个阶段的青年观共同构成了中国共产党青年观的发展阶段.中国共产党青年观的发展有其内在逻辑,呈现出随着时代变化不断丰富完善、继承与发展马克思主义青年观、与时代中心工作同频共振的特征.中国共产党青年观在百年发展阶段中积累了开展青年工作的基本经验,这些经验对于新时代背景下中国共产党进一步加强和改进青年工作具有重要的现实意义.     

中国公益小镇与小镇青年研究——以广东省桂城街道为例

随着中国城镇化的深入推进,特色小镇建设成为一种新的趋势,其中"公益小镇"也逐渐生长起来、壮大起来,为"小镇青年"提供了发挥爱心和热情、施展个性和才能的重要地域空间,使青年在参与公益志愿服务过程中探索出与城镇共同成长的新路径。广东省桂城街道近十年来以"关爱桂城"为抓手探索公益小镇建设路径,为"小镇青年"创造了多样化的发展机遇,主要包括"关爱督导"与小镇青年的发声传递,"创益中心"与小镇青年的理念创新,"社工中心"与小镇青年的制度探索,"义工联"与小镇青年的积极行动,"创熟社区"与小镇青年的传承发展,"授勋典礼"与小镇青年的成长成熟等六个方面。通过充分发挥小镇青年在公益小镇建设中先锋力量的发展模式,对于构建共建共治共享的社会治理格局,推动国家治理体系和治理能力现代化具有重要的借鉴价值。     

Beyond the Real and the Paper Deal: The Quest for Contextual Coherence in Contractual Interpretation

Contract lawyers are often divided between two schools of thought: formalism and contextualism. In the realm of contractual interpretation, this division illuminates various debates surrounding the modern contextual approach. Ultimately, however, the divide between the ‘real and the paper deal’ does not fully reflect the relevant fault lines. The real contest is between rival interpretations attempting to make the most coherent sense of the available text and context surrounding the document. In characterising the true nature of the exercise, I draw upon theories of coherence to articulate a framework of ‘contextual coherence’ that involves concepts of competing narratives, the rational motivations of the parties, and the need for a holistic assessment of the best hypothesis, in accordance with the English courts’ ‘iterative approach’ to interpretation. I demonstrate that this framework enables us to explain and evaluate recent cases such as the UK Supreme Court decision of Arnold v Britton.     

An Empty Shell? Rethinking the Usury Laws in Medieval Europe

Abstract

Many historians have argued that the usury laws were a dead letter and that usurious practices were widespread during the Middle Ages. This review of canonical rule formation in Europe shows that many contracts were outside the prohibition and that the laws were highly effective. The popularity of financial instruments depended on obtaining the Church's approval, and ecclesiastical tribunals pursued usurers relentlessly. Although it is not possible to measure with any precision the incidence of usury or the effectiveness of the prohibition, arguments of a high incidence of usury do not stand up in the light of evidence from the contemporary legal context.     

‘Hurry no man's cattle’: British rule and suicide in China

The British authorities in the leased territory of Weihaiwei were concerned that too many Chinese, particularly women, resorted to suicide. In response, they made it obligatory to report suicides, educated the public and the police on how to effect rescues, and appointed a medical assistant with special responsibility for suicide rescue work. In spite of being remarkably well informed of the social significance of suicide in China, government efforts to deal with the causes of suicide were limited. In particular, the government did little to alter the circumstances of women in the territory. They provided few opportunities for education and were reluctant to prohibit foot-binding or to discourage families from putting pressure on widows to remarry. The limited response of the government to the problem of suicide was consistent with its general administrative policy of effecting little change to the fabric of life in the Chinese villages. The fact that the magistrates, in their treatment of suicide, expressed a deference to Chinese law, was part and parcel of the same general policy of the British administration of Weihaiwei.